After having conditioned the fruits of maad or in bags that were previously used for the conditioning of the rice or the onion, these Banas Banas will declare these products at the level of the agents of waters and forests by paying 15 francs CFA kg to be able to take them out and sell them on the market. This page was last edited on 16 June 2015, at 11:24. Saba has also not yet travelled beyond Africa. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. It was Marcel Pichon, however, who reclassified it into to valid classification in 1953, and today he drives primarily to the edge of the river, in areas with wooded savannahs, wet areas in gallery forests [4] [5] . Sarr, M.G., Ndiaye, N.D., Ayessou, N.C., Faye, P.G., Cisse, M., Sakho, M. and Diop, C.M. Saba senegalensis (A. Saba senegalensis est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Apocynaceae.. 10.4236/fns.2018.99080, Médoune Gaye Sarr1,2, Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye3, Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou1,2*, Papa Guedel Faye1,2, Mady Cisse1,2, Mama Sakho1,2, Codou Mar Diop1,2, 1Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Sénégal, 2Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires, Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM), Dakar, Sénégal, 3Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA), Atelier de transformation des fruits et légumes, Dakar, Sénégal. The plant is believed to have medico-magical attributes and is often preserved on the outskirts of villages. In Senegal, the maad can be transformed using a mechanical extractor and this primary transformation the maad makes it possible to obtain a refined puree (Figure 6(a)) which can subsequently be converted into several finished products such as nectars (Figure 6(c) and Figure 7), syrups, concentrated bases and marmalades. Leaves are opposite, dark green, elliptical, lanceolate and petiolate with entire margins. POWO . Branchlets glabrous, lenticel, purple brown with the presence of a small bead on the branch between the base of each pair of leaves. In rural areas, maad is used to enhance the taste of cereal porridge [2] [29] . It fights against several types of diseases. Saba senegalensis is a medicinal food plants and has the potential of contributing to soil and water conservation. One of the characteristics of Saba senegalensis is the level of β-carotene (vitamin A) which is estimated at 1.55 mg/100 g [8] . The leaves are prepared in sauces and condiments as an aperitif with a salty or sweet taste [2] [31] . Clinging to branches of trees with its tendrils [8] , it is often anelian with a trunk that can. Jun 18, 2013 - Madd or Sabba Senegalensis: a tropical fruit you eat all summer long in Senegal! Its fruit is characterized by its wealth of antioxidant molecules including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C, but especially because of its high acidity. Pichon is a large, woody, latex vine that can grow to more than 40 m in height and has tendrils in the Apocynaceae family [1] . Cross section of the fruit of S. senegalensis. Petals 1 - 1.5 cm long, more or less translucent fresh, with prominent midrib on top, 8 - 14 pairs of lateral veins. It is a fruit that is very popular with the population and can be consumed as such or can be processed into puree, nectar, jams and preserves [1] [7] . Bandoma, E. (2009). Le madd ou Saba senegalensis Aussi appelé zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo (Congo), maad (en wolof) et made (en français d’Afrique), ou wèda (en mooré), c’est un … WikiProject Plants (Rated Stub-class, Low-importance) This article is within the scope of WikiProject Plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on Wikipedia. However it does not contain tannins or alkaloids [27] . Brilliant on upper surface, an elliptical or oval limber glabrous barely acuminate and shiny above, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide [14] with a rounded or rounded base and apex short obtuse tip, 8 to 14 pairs of lateral veins, translucent fresh, and a network of fine nerves (Figure 2). Main production areas of Maad in the south and the eastern part of Senegal. The evaluation of the nutritional and aromatic potential of the pulp is very incomplete, particularly as regards the profile of polyphenols, carotenoids and aroma compounds. IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81759-1 Publication Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. Inhalation of the vapor emitted during the boiling of the leaves in the water would calm headaches and coughing [31] . It is a climbing plant that usually seeks support from other plant species to cling and grow (Figure 1). The fruit of Saba senegalensis is consumed in different forms. The latex is The fruits are collected by people in villages and sold. (a) Fruit, (b) Leaf and (c) Flower of Saba senegalensis [10] . The roots of this species are used in the care of female infertility and treat skin burns. Franç. Member; Posts: 120; Canada; Re: Saba Senegalensis seedling pics. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. They are also blended with water and sugar and made into fruity beverage. Common Name Senegal saba. Figure 2. Dry root bark powder is applied to wounds as healing [9] [32] . https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9700618. The leaves are used in cases of migraine or food poisoning [1] [2] , but also in the treatment of injuries when they are pounded [1] . Related Links. DC.) It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. Synonyms: Landolphia senegalensis. In Dakar, the maad found on the market comes largely from the sub region Casamance, comes second and then Kédougou and Kolda region. S. senegalensis fruits begin to ripen as early as the beginning of the rainy season, starting in June and the harvest can be until September. A liana up to 40 m long, often shrub like; trunk up to 20 cm in diameter; bark rough or scaly. The seeds are coated with an aromatic sweet and sour flesh. These results therefore only concern products that have been declared at the water and forest management level and taxed at CFAF 15 per kg in the various control. Saba is a highly prized fruit and in parts of Africa, these are also important to the rural economy. Sweet n sour, n full of vitamin c. Afrique Noire 35: 316 (1953). It can also be processed into mashed potatoes, nectar, jams, preserves and maad jellies [30] . In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal) (Figure 4) and is also present in widely dispersed individuals Niayes [10] [11] . It can be eaten as is or seasoned with sugar, salt and/or chilly [1] [7] [9] . Taxonomy of Saba senegalensis [8] . Kotschy & Peyr. Botanical Family Apocynaceae. These are, however, sometimes protected by villagers for picking their fruits and also for me4dicinal uses. Diversification of tree crops; Saba senegalensis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Contact us about this record. Meanwhile, the important of these products in the life of populations allows, without quantitative data, to say that the quantity exploited is largely underestimated because of the local consumption not taken into account. Generally, Saba creeper returns to fruiting in less than two years [19] . Saba trees are not cultivated for fruits. Leakey R. R. B., and Tchoundjeun Z., (2001). The rainy season lasts from 2 to 4 months with a maximum of precipitation during the month of August for an annual average of 400 to 1200 mm [17] . variations which are obviously related to the variability of climatic conditions, to the nature of the soil, but also to the various methods of analysis used. It should also avoid a maad harvested in the rainy season during this period; the fruit becomes a flower [20] . The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article Inst. Very soft and juicy, the pulp is sweet and tart and the skin of the fruit has a green color before maturity [13] , but at its physiological maturity, its color becomes orange (Figure 2). Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (SASE15) Integrated Taxonomic Information System … Saba senegalensis has a long and rich history in herbal medicine with noted native use. The fruit is tasty, sweet-sour with yellow pulp when ripe [1]. Other names: Madd, madinka, wolof. Latex can treat pulmonary problems. Most are eaten as casual snacks, but some are employed even as a staple, especially during the rainy season. It’s the best time to taste it, but it will not wait, because this moment is also expected by other animals, particularly the monkey that feeds heavily on this fruit. The plant has a rough or scaly bark of dark gray color with a pale red slice [1] . Food and Nutrition Sciences glabriflora Hua Saba senegalensis var. StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal là một Shareware phần mềm trong danh mục Thể loại khác được phát triển bởi StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal.. Phiên bản mới nhất của StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal hiện thời không rõ. The fruit pulp is tart and pleasant [3] . [16] , in wooded savanna areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in ravines and rocky hills [1] [9] . Fruits characterization of (ORA), (Saba senegalensis) in some parts of the Upper West Region, Pp 4-7. Le Sénégal est un pays grouillé de ressources naturelles parmi lesquelles des fruits naturels ou sauvages de tout genre mais comestibles surtout. Its fruit is very popular with the population. A wholesaler sells about 10 bags of 70 kg on average a day, where a half-wholesaler sells 1 bag and makes a margin of 5000 FCFA/day. Pichon Common names Senegal saba in English liane saba in French mad in language. Green fruits fight against sterility, galactagogic, colic [2] [32] . The fruit is also characterized by water content which is most often closed to 80% [23] . Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Quantity of S. senegalensis distributed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015 [36] . Evolution of S. senegalensis recorded production in Senegal from 1997 to 2015 [36] . Glacy is the first glacier in the Congo to offer ice creams and sorbets made from tropical forest fruits. The fruit is a large ovoid, bumpy, globose berry, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide that contains seeds coated with slightly translucent yellow and fibrous pulps [10] [11] . It can be mashed and used for porridge and “Tuo-zaafi” [2]. On average during the 2013-2015 periods, 1103.55 t of maad were consumed in Dakar. Sabasenegalensis Sabasenegalensis(Bambara:NsabanorZaban;English: Senegal saba; French(fromaPulaarbastardization): lianesaba;Wolof: madormaddor“kabaa”inGam- Senegal, Saba senegalensis, Fruit, Uses, Composition. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. Domestic production arriving in the capital is much lower than imports, with as an example for 2015, of the 1427 t of maad registered, only 521.24 t come from Senegal or 36.5% of annual consumption. Ang mga gi basihan niini. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). The fruits of the maad also contain an essential oil whose major compounds terpineol (29.8%), linalool (18%) and benzoic acid (9.2%) [28] . Comparing the national production consumed in Dakar and the maad import market arriving in Dakar. The fruits are often eaten by local people and also offered for sale at some places. The interest of Saba senegalensis in feeding and treating hundreds of diseases in rural populations is widely recognized [6] . (2013) indicate rates ranging from 34.8 to 67.5 mg/100 g [27] ; this value can even go up to 480 mg/100 g [20] . The generic name is adapted from the name of the plant Maninka, the specific epithet senegalensis refers to Senegal in West Africa where it was collected for identification [4] [9] and (Table 1). The maad is also used to cure constipation for this, it is just enough to constantly drink fruit juice. Saba is a fruit from Africa. There are also small baskets of 25 or 20 kg. The effects of Saba senegalensis in local traditional medicine are varied. It grows in all types of soil. In the literature it is identified by other names such as: Vubea or Vabea senegalensis A. Thus, the study of the stability of the products resulting from the transformation must be envisaged in order to reduce the post-harvest losses and to ensure a good conservation of these products but especially in a general way to contribute to the valorization of this fruit very appreciated by the population. In High Guinea, the nuclei surrounded by their pulp are sun-dried and used to replace lemon and tamarin [12] . Interpreting Wetland Status. It is a plant that according to the local pharmacopoeia has therapeutic properties, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Yum!! maceration, as a drink, is considered to be anti-blennorrhagic or with other plants [1] . The products are either packed in very large baskets called “Damba” transported in trucks for those coming from Kedougou and part of Casamance or transported by boat to the other part of Casamance for supplies in the rest of the country. DC.) The Fulani consider the fruits still green and cooked with salt as an effective diuretic drug and fast acting [31] . The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands in Guiné-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Somalia, Mali and Ivory Coast. The species can live in various ecological conditions with an average annual rainfall ranging from 100 mm to 1300 mm and in altitudes of 0 - 800 m [4] [18] , it is resistant to bush fire. It has economic potential given the enthusiasm of the various actors of the distribution and marketing exploitation circuit. The gathering is carried out essentially by the women and the children who resell basins or baskets of fruits in the weekly markets of the production areas to itinerant traders or to the itinerant traders known as “Banas Banas”. Pichon – Senegal saba Subordinate Taxa. 1-1.5 times as long as wide, corolla with a yellow throat; tube 5-9 times as long as the calyx. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. 2 entries found in World Checklist; Bibliographies. It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. Women buy, for example, the basket at 25,000 FCFA and sell retail in lots of 500 - 1000 FCFA and sometimes even 250 FCFA. The fruits are collected from wild only. The sepals are 1 - 1.5 times longer than broad, the stamens are inserted 3.5 - 6 mm above the base of the corolla. Minerals are also revealed in Saba’s fruit such us calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium respectively 51 ppm, 357.5 ppm, 47.5 ppm and 152 ppm [24] , the fruit is poor in sodium (<5 ppm). Talk:Saba senegalensis. Required fields are marked *. Il frutto della Saba senegalensis ha una scorza esterna gialla e dura.Il frutto è riempito internamente da baccelli di semi che possono essere succhiati, similmente a quello che si può fare con il tamarindo.Il sapore è descritto come frizzante e aspro, come quello del mango o del limone.Nei paesi saheliani si usa frequentemente per produrre un succo (màdd in Senegal). Tổng quan. The statistics available on the exploitation of maad do not make it possible to differentiate between the quantity exploited and the quantity marketed. Approximate Range of Saba senegalensis [4] . It is by Cesar Calderon at USDA APHIS PPQ. SENEGAL | THE SABA SENEGALENSIS FRUIT We are in the season of this delicious fruit called Madd in Wolof or Saba senegalensis. Table 2. This cause might not be recognized by radiologists who are not aware of SS CT features. The ingestion of its seeds may remain asymptomatic, but can also cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. It can also be added in other food diets such as yoghurt. (a) Maad puree, (b) Raw pulp, (c) Maad nectar, (d) Maad preserve. No matching references found in Library Catalogue; Collections. DC.) Bark rough or scaly. The Saba fruit of Senegal has different vernacular names which vary according to the dialect spoken by the local populations. Saba is a fruit from Africa.It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. Figure 4. Maad picking in the production areas is very organized; the start date of picking is still fixed and is reserved only for local populations. The interior of the berry contains a fine fibrous superficial skin that includes fruit [12] . In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. Many losses are recorded in fruit production and conservation poses serious problems for loggers [7] . 2013. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. The main destinations are the country’s major markets: Kolda, Diaobe, Bignona, Touba, Dinguiraye and Dakar which is the. DC. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. Of course, some trees are planted in garden as specimen plants or for ornamental purposes. Table 3 presents the quantity of maad consumed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015. Distribution Area and Vernacular Names, Saba senegalensis is mainly found in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Guineas, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Tanzania [4] [5] (Figure 3). Copyright © 2006-2018 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. The inside of the shell is also covered with superficial skin that can be consumed. The titratable acidity is from 30 up to 78.5 meq/100 ml; this high content explains the acid taste of the fruit with a malic acid concentration of 47.2 mg/100 g [24] . Son fruit est appelé laaré (en soussou de Guinée), zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo ou makalakonki (dans le bassin du Congo), maad (en wolof), made (en français d'Afrique), wèda (en mooré), côcôta (en Côte d'Ivoire), et mkonkar (en manjaque Landolphia senegalensis var. In Senegal, the maad comes largely from Casamance and Kédougou. Production chart of nectar maad standardized by the Institute of Food Technology (ITA) of Dakar. 2018. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Scientific plant list. Sepals shortly apiculate. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. Stamens inserted 3.5-6 mm above the corolla base; filaments 0.4-1 x 0.1 mm, anthers 1-2 x 0.2-0.5 mm, ovary often ribbed, glabrous with ca 30 ovules, style 1.5-3 mm long, pistil-head 1.7-2 mm long, basal part up to 1.8 mm long. It is tasted as such or transformed into puree, nectar, jam, and jelly or even used as a food matrix in yogurt. Govaerts, R. et al. Espesye sa tanom nga bulak nga una nga gihulagway ni A ang Saba senegalensis.Dc., ug nga gihatagan sa eksakto nga ngalan ni Marcel Pichon.Ang Saba senegalensis sakop sa kahenera nga Saba sa kabanay nga Apocynaceae. The following matches were found for "Saba senegalensis": (Your search term was understood as: Genus = Saba and species = senegalensis) Plant names. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands. In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (Southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal). Generally we distinguish in its range of distribution according to the nature of the support, climbing species, and the lack of support of the bush species. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This plant has no children Legal Status. There are even some forest harvesters who harvest only green fruits in order to lengthen the conservation and reduce losses, but the disadvantage of this method is that the quality of the fruit is mainly due to the early harvest, that is to say the fruit has not yet reached maturity. (2018) Saba senegalensis: Key Features and Uses. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. The dark gray bark can reach more than 40 m and a trunk up to 47 cm in diameter [2] [3] [4] . The evolution of maad production recorded in Senegal has undergone a very wide variation from 1997 to 2015 (Figure 8). The nutritional composition of the pulp (Table 2) is subject to very large. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 24. 2.0 2.1; Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan Although at the “Syndicat” market, the marketing of maad occupies more than 100 half-wholesalers and about sixty wholesalers. In Senegal, there is only one variety of Saba Senegalensis belonging to the Spermaphyte branch, the Magnoliophyta sub-branch, the Magnoliopsida class, the Asteridae subclass to the order of the Gentianales and the family of Apocynaceae [8] . Frutto. Found mainly in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, The Gambia, the 2 Guineas, Mali, Niger [4] , Saba senegalensis (A. ! There is also the presence of anthraquinones and triterpenes [25] . According to the Department of Water and Forests, maad accounts for 15% of the total amount of picking fruits in Senegal [35] . Figure 3. It is haemostatic and coagulant [2] [9] . Saba senegalensis (A. zones. A plant of saba. Logged mwambao. Table 3. Retailers, who occupy the last link in the chain, sell the product per unit ranging from 50 to 250 CFA depending on the size. The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Famiy: Apocynaceae. Your email address will not be published. It also helps to fight against cough and tuberculosis [34] . It helps to fight against vomiting, stomach pain and anemia [2] [9] . Figure 5. This marketing on long journeys is facilitated by the long shelf life of the fruit which can be kept in good condition for (8 to 10) days if it enjoys good transport and storage conditions [12] . Saba senegalensis pulp is used for jam and juice production in Senegal and Burkina Faso. main place of disembarkation and distribution of maad especially in the “Syndicat, Tilene or Port” markets where wholesalers, semi-wholesalers and retailers are responsible for resale. Image 2186051 is of Senegal saba (Saba senegalensis ) seed(s). It’s also content thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. Pichon was already described and the name available on behalf of Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus of Candolle. Saba senegalensis (SS), also called Liana goyin, is a well-known and commonly eaten fruit in Western Africa. A Dissertation to the Horticulture department of the University for Development Studies (unpublished). The fruit of Saba is a large ovoid berry, of yellow-orange color at maturity [4] containing seven to twenty nuclei depending on the size covered, of a juicy acidulous pulp. Your email address will not be published. glabriflora (Hua) Pichon Vahea senegalensis A.DC. The packaging bag weighs on average 65 kg [29] . An encyclopedia of 556 edible fruits of the world. Saba senegalensis (Bambara: Nsaban or Zaban; English: Senegal saba; French (from a Pulaar bastardization): liane saba; Wolof: mad or madd or 'kabaa' in Gambian Wolof; Pulaar: laare) is a shrub-like fruit tree of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa. The chain of distribution of this fruit extends on the secondary markets of Dakar and the interior as well as in the districts. The lipid content is 0.2 g/100 g [23] and the protein content varies from 0.8 to 0.3 g/100 g [23] [24] . World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). Figure 6. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). ; S. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex [1] , it has a dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a 20 cm turn [3] [4] [9] . The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). The ripe fruits are anorexic, antiscorbutic, stimulating, tonic [33] . Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis is still under-exploited. measure up to 47 cm in diameter [3] [4] [5] . Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. see the world log on website by shawn murray (ssmurray@gmail.com and http://ssmurray.googlepages.com) and aaron darling Would anyone have photos of seedlings or seeds of SABA Senegalensis? Vol.09 No.09(2018), Article ID:87408,13 pages Like such others fruits, Saba is very rich in carbohydrates but values vary widely from author to author in the range of 11 - 74.23 g/100 g [20] [22] [23] [24] [26] [27] . Further research on the antioxidant and therapeutic properties of maad should be carried out as well as the study of thermal degradation of antioxidant molecules. The section of the fruit shows a hard, thick and bumpy skin, which covers a fibrous membrane adhered to the skin surrounding all the nuclei (Figure 5) [12] . It grows mainly along riverbanks [4]. After the wholesalers, the resellers will repackage the products in large baskets; 50 or 60 kg, or average baskets weighing 35 or 40 kg. Saba senegalensis. Saba plant is also very ornamental and so is often grown as an edible ornamental in the garden. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 9, 1099-1111. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.99080. Maad contents an appreciate level of 945.83 mg/100 g polyphenols [21] , mainly composed of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. Saba senegalensis known as weda in the Moore, French, and English languages, is a fruit producing plant of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa.It has several common names in various West African Languages. All these components contribute to suppose that Saba’s fruits may really have nutritional and healthy impact to consumers. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. The macerate leaves help fight against vomiting and stomachaches [32] . A cette catégorie, appartient le «Saba Senegalensis» (de son nom scientifique) plus connu ici sous l’appellation de «madd». But still saba is not grown as an orchard fruit except in gardens as a sample tree. Figure 7. Fruits which until now were only consumed in their natural form. Homonyms Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) The flowers are white, greenish or yellowish very fragrant, in terminal corymbs, they have a corolla wide of 3 to 4 cm with a yellowish tube, 10 to 15 mm long, 5 - 9 times longer than the calyx [1] [4] [10] , with 5 white, oblong lobes, 3 to 6 mm wide, thickened towards the base, 1.5 mm wide at the apex, finely pubescent. Our bibliographic study proposes a selection and a compilation of information available in the literature and research results on the botany, composition and uses of maad to better understand the nutritional and economic potential of the fruit. 3. Saba senegalensis Name Synonyms Landolphia senegalensis (A.DC.) Preferably seedlings newly germinated thank you Gustavo. Table 1. But it happens that its seeds germinate in places where there is no support and therefore the plant manages to the place where it sprouted. Hassler, M. 2018.
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